Carbon Markets

India is architecting a domestic carbon market while navigating VCM integrity challenges and EU CBAM pressures. This vertical tracks the legal, regulatory, and market developments shaping India’s compliance and voluntary carbon ecosystems.

A. REGULATORY & POLICY DEVELOPMENTS

• CCTS Framework & Energy Conservation Act Amendments

• International Linkages

• Legal Enforcement & Compliance Mechanisms

B. MARKET DESIGN & INFRASTRUCTURE

• ETS Design: Cap-Setting, Allocation, Sectoral Phase-In

• Credit Mechanisms & Offset Protocols

• Market Infrastructure (Registries, Trading Platforms, MRV Systems)

C. OFFSET CARBON MARKETS & INTEGRITY

• Indian VCM Project Pipeline & Standards Integrity

• Integrity Frameworks

• VCM-to-Compliance Pathways

our research

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About the CLII

Climate & Law Initiative India (CLII) is an independent research platform dedicated to advancing climate governance through legal, regulatory, and institutional analysis. We study the intersections of climate policy, public finance, markets, and state capacity, with a focus on strengthening India’s transition pathways.

Our work spans four core verticals— Climate Finance, Climate Adaptation & Policy, Climate Mitigation & Just Transition, and Carbon Markets. Across these domains, we examine how laws, regulations, and institutional design shape India’s climate ambitions, and how evidence-based research can support more effective, transparent, and equitable climate action.